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Teenage Suicide Homicide Trends Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Conditions of living or work can be considered as potential reasons for the above differentiation. Towards the same direction, in research made by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention it has been found that ‘a white juvenile between ages 7 and 17 was nearly 1.5 times more likely to commit suicide than to be murdered, while black youth were almost 7 times more likely to be murdered than to commit suicide’ (Youth Violence Research Bulletin, 2004). The research of Grunbaum et al. (2002 in Judge & Billick, 2004) suggests that White and Hispanic adolescents (19.7 and 19.4%, respectively) are more inclined to consider suicide in comparison to Black adolescents (13.3%). In the case of homicides, juveniles also have many chances to be attacked to the point of death. More specifically, in accordance with the data presented in Figure 1 below the percentage of juveniles that were homicide victims was extremely high in 1994 while afterwards it was gradually declined reaching in 2002 a relatively low level. Figure 1 – Juvenile homicide victims, 1980-2002, USA (source: Statistical Briefing Book. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Suicide & Homicide Trends or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 2007) To a more accurate explanation (in terms of data involved) of Figure 1 above, it is noticed in Statistical Briefing Book (2007) that ‘homicides of juveniles peaked in 1993 at 2,900; the number of juvenile homicide victims in 2002 was 44% below the 1993 peak, reaching its lowest level since 1984; juveniles represented about 10% of all murder victims in 2002; in 2002, 36% of murdered juveniles were female, 45% were black’. In accordance with the above data, race can be considered as a criterion when evaluating homicides and suicides in juveniles. As for the criterion of age, this is represented in Figure 2 below where it is made clear that in juveniles the number of victims both by suicide and by homicide presents a continuous growth until the age of 18. However, it should be noticed that the rate in the relevant increase is higher regarding suicides than homicides. In fact the difference between these two categories is high as it can be observed in Figure 2 below. However, it should be noticed that the data presented below refers to juveniles that are White and Non-Hispanic. This notion is of particular importance if Figure 2 is compared with Figure 3 in the next page. Figure 2 – Victims by age, White-Non Hispanic, 1990-2004, USA (source: Statistical Briefing Book. 2007) Figure 3 – Victims by age, Black -Non Hispanic 1990-2004, USA (source: Statistical Briefing Book.

What Makes a Good Psychology Essay Free Essays

Words: 525 â€Å"What makes a good Psychology essay? † When writing an essay it is important to explain what the essay question is asking for. This helps when it comes to understanding what information is required from the essay. Before starting the essay the topic area that the essay question refers to must be recognised and well-understood, so researching topic areas before beginning an essay is essential. We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes a Good Psychology Essay? or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many modules in psychology such as cognitive psychology, individual and abnormal behaviour, biological psychology, social and development psychology and so on. It is important to determine which of these modules the essay question is relating to. Once the essay question has been understood the next step is deciding in what information to include. The information must be valid and relevant to the question. The content of the essay could be either descriptive or analytical; a descriptive essay, for example, needs to be factual and concise describing a specific area of psychology. An analytical essay on the other hand, requires you to compare and contrast different methods or models. A psychological essay involves specialist vocabulary, the content of the essay is written using psychological terminology in a clear and concise manner. To be able to write this way technical terms and definitions must be understood. An essay must be precise and also be able to distinguish between fact, opinion and argument. There are other factors that affect the quality of a psychology essay such as clarity and grammar. An essay must be easy to understand but yet use complex psychological terms. The point of a psychological essay is to convey relevant information in an academic manner. It also helps to know what information gains mark, as to avoid the inclusion of any irrelevant information. Academic English must be used to ensure that the person writing the essay is not misunderstood by the essay marker, academic English is more formal than â€Å"normal† English as it creates a sense of professionalism and confidence. Psychological essays have a generally accepted structure. They are written in continuous prose. The first section is an introduction providing the reader with background information about the topic area also includes the hypothesis or aim of the essay. The main section or discussion provides accurate descriptions of the topic area and the theories or research related through it. Essentially the main section attempts to answer the hypothesis or the title of the essay. Any relevant statistical information would be discussed in this section but still using a formal English style. The last section is a conclusion to the essay; this contains a summary of the discussion or main section, an evaluation will also be included and any sources or references would be cited here. Good psychological essays always have supporting data or evidence; the inclusion of these would make a reliable and precise essay. Psychological essays cite sources using a specific method where the name of the author is written with the date of the supporting publication following in brackets. The Harvard system of referencing is used in psychological essays, both direct and indirect forms of referencing can be used. I have concluded that a good psychological essay would follow the processes I have discussed. Source – (www. psy. gla. ac. uk) How to cite What Makes a Good Psychology Essay?, Essay examples

Efficiency of Economic Equilibrium Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Efficiency of Economic Equilibrium. Answer: Introduction Equilibrium is a very important concept in economics. The stability and efficiency of an economic system depends on equilibrium. The functioning of price and market mechanism determines the unique combination for equilibrium of the system. The interplay of the forces of demand and supply under price mechanism determine the prices of commodities and services at which goods and services would be bought and sold. When market mechanism of an economy performs efficiently, a stable equilibrium can be achieved by a country(Hatfield, Kominers, Nichifor, Ostrovsky, Westkamp, 2013). The following essay focuses on various aspects of a stable economic equilibrium and whether the Australian economy is experiencing a stable equilibrium or not. Stable economic equilibrium Economic equilibrium is a state, in which the economic forces, i.e. demand and supply are in perfect balance. In this state, the values of economic variables remain unchanged if there is no external influence. As per the definition, equilibrium in an economy or market occurs, when the quantity demanded and quantity supplied becomes equal(Corsetti, Kuester, Meier, Mller, 2013). It is a condition when a price is established through the market competition, where the quantity demanded by the buyers or consumers is equal to the amount of products or services are produced or supplied by the producers. The price that is determined by this process is known as competitive price or market clearing price. This price will not change unless demand or supply changes. The quantity is also known as competitive or market clearing quantity(Foerster, 2016). Figure 1: Market Equilibrium (Source: Author) Figure 1 illustrates a perfect market equilibrium. The demand and supply curve for a commodity or services intersect at point E*. At this point, the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. P* is the market clearing price and Q* is the market clearing quantity. If the demand and supply becomes unequal, the price goes either up or down from the equilibrium price and the situation of excess demand or excess supply arises in the market or economy. In this context, the concept of stable equilibrium comes in. Equilibrium can be disrupted due to external forces. A stable equilibrium arises when a system gravitates back to equilibrium after it is shaken. The invisible hand, defined by Adams Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations, works as the mechanism that brings back a disturbed market situation into equilibrium(Baele, Bekaert, Cho, Inghelbrecht, Moreno, 2015). Due to external shocks, such as, changes in demand and supply for any economic condition, the system equilibrium can be disturbed. Through some procedures, the system comes back to equilibrium again. Figure 2: Stability in market equilibrium (Source: Author) Figure 2 depicts the situations, which can bring instability in the economy. When supply is higher than demand, excess supply or surplus arises in the market, shown by the line AB, and price rises to P1 from P*. Similarly, when demand is higher than the supply, excess demand or deficit arises in the economy, shown by the line CG, and price falls to P2. When there is stability in the system, the market adjusts itself to bring back the equilibrium. This means, during surplus, the market forces the price to go down to P* to reach an equilibrium and during deficit, the market pushes the price up to the equilibrium price. This way stability can be achieved in the system(Lima, Grasselli, Wang, Wu, 2014). The Australian economy is one of the most developed economies in the world. The economy is so stable that Australia has faced the longest run of economic growth among all the developed countries in the world. Since 1991, the country has never faced two consecutive quarters of negative growth or recession. During the Asian crisis and dot-com bubble, the Australian economy remained stable. Even during the global financial crisis of 2008, Australia was not directly hit by it. The country has low inflation, and lower unemployment rate and a GDP of 1.205 trillion USD in 2016(Austrade.gov.au., 2017). There are two different interpretations of the stability in economy of Australia. The first is the Australian model, which says, through the monetary and fiscal policies and exchange rate fluctuations, the uncertainties in the economy can be reduced. According to RBA governor Battellino, the exchange rate was flexible enough to go up and down as and when required. When the international economy was turbulent, the exchange rate went down and currency was depreciated(Battellino, 2013). The second interpretation was that, the country has tactfully utilized its resources to keep the growth going. Mining was the major industry of Australian economy. It created maximum number of jobs in the 1990s and 2000s. When the mining boom started to fade away, the other non-resource sectors were getting developed. Currently the service sector, especially the tourism, financial and insurance, information, media and telecom, etc. are the major service sector industries. Hence, even if there was turbule nce in the economy, the Australian economy found out its own way to stabilize the situation (Thirlwell, 2013). The country has got some other advantages, such as, educated and skilled work force, population, strong and stable political and social condition, locational advantage, open and liberal economies, which are used to maintain the stability of the economy, which in turn brings about economic growth for more than twenty six years(Austrade.gov.au., 2017). Conclusion It can be said that, the market has its own way to settle down. As described by Adam Smith, the force that works to bring about equilibrium in the system or market when it is disturbed, is known as invisible hand. Equilibrium is the situation when market demand equals market supply. For the nations, when the aggregate demand equals aggregate supply in the economy, it is known to be in equilibrium. With the record of consistent growth of Australia, it can be said that the country has experienced a stable equilibrium. References Austrade.gov.au. (2017). Australia has experienced the longest period of economic growth in the developed world. Retrieved from Austrade.gov.au. : https://www.austrade.gov.au/news/economic-analysis/australia-has-experienced-the-longest-economic-growth-among-major-developed-world Baele, L., Bekaert, G., Cho, S., Inghelbrecht, K., Moreno, A. (2015). Macroeconomic regimes. Journal of Monetary Economics, 70, 51-71. Battellino, R. (2013, September 10). Twenty Years of Economic Growth. Retrieved from www.rba.gov.au: https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2013/sep/pdf/bu-0910-13.pdf Corsetti, G., Kuester, K., Meier, A., Mller, G. (2013). Sovereign risk, fiscal policy, and macroeconomic stability. The Economic Journal, 566. Foerster, A. (2016). Monetary policy regime switches and macroeconomic dynamics. International Economic Review, 57(1), 211-230. Hatfield, J., Kominers, S., Nichifor, A., Ostrovsky, M., Westkamp, A. (2013). Hatfield, J.W., Kominers, S.D., Nichifor, A., OstrovskStability and competitive equilibrium in trading networks. Journal of Political Economy 121(5), 966-1005. Lima, B., Grasselli, M., Wang, X., Wu, J. (2014). Destabilizing a stable crisis: Employment persistence and government intervention in macroeconomics. . Structural Change and Economic Dynamics (70), 30-51. Thirlwell, M. (2013). Can Australia Keep Beating The Economic Odds? . Retrieved from Pacific Standard: https://psmag.com/social-justice/australia-economy-recession-53744